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Editorial

Vážení čtenáři,

Během doby, která uplynula od vydání prvního čísla JSI se hodně věcí změnilo a některé zůstaly stejné. Vášnivá rétorika „války proti terorismu“ postupně vychládá. Dřívější teroristé, jako UČK, dnes s podporou protiteroristické koalice stojí v čele vlastních států. Debata o „Ose zla“ už nepokračuje. Z „Osy zla“ toho vůbec moc nezbylo, Irák je v troskách, se Severní Koreou se navazuje spolupráce. Z dřívějších jistot zůstal snad už jen ten Zlý Írán. Vyvstává nové, atraktivní téma diskuse, a to jaký charakter by tedy vlastně měla mít „ještě reálnější“ Realpolitik. Vlády některých malých států jsou zřejmě vyděšeny budoucností, do které kvapíme, a hledají ochranu a mocné spojence. Súdán se shlédl v Čínské lidové republice, Venezuela se obrací k Ruské federaci a Česká republika vzhlíží ke Spojeným státům americkým. Léto pomalu končí, proběhla další olympiáda, Ruská federace se definitivně zařadila mezi vyspělé demokratické státy západního typu a - stejně jako USA a některé státy EU - realizuje vlastní humanitární operace. Zas o pár měsíců blíž je datum oficiálního spuštění urychlovače LHC v CERNu, které podle škarohlídů odstartuje Soudný den. S největší pravděpodobností to však nebude tak horké. Mohu-li parafrázovat dvanáct let starý text Andrewa McMurryho: Apokalypsa už probíhá. Jen je tak pomalá a my od ní máme tak málo odstupu, že se to ani nepozná. Ona ani Apokalypsa nemusí být nejhorším místem na dovolenou, překonáme-li staré předsudky. To je to podstatné. Být flexibilní a dynamický. I doba je taková. Vítáme Vás tedy u dalšího čísla JSI. Autoři aktuálních příspěvků byli povětšinou inspirováni náboženským radikalismem, ale stranou nezůstala ani evropská bezpečnostní politika či problematika týkající se NATO.

šéfredaktor, Martin Bastl

Články:  

Pressman, D. Elaine: Exploring the Sources of Radicalization and Violent Radicalization: Some Transatlantic Perspectives.
Abstract
This paper explores the sources of radicalization from a three tier model. The model includes macro-level sources, micro level sources and incipient sources of radicalization. The concept of “incipient radicalization’ is introduced in the paper. Four stages of incipient radicalization are defined. These stages are related to four developmental periods including early childhood, early school age, later school-age, and adolescence. Examples are provided for each stage of incipient radicalization. The paper also explores transatlantic similarities and differences in the definition of radicalization, and suggests subtle differences in interpretation. The importance of radicalization and its relationship to violence on both sides of the Atlantic is considered. It is suggested that incipient radicalization be explored in the future in terms of strategies designed to counter-radicalization. Incipient radicalization, in its four stages, is identified as the predisposing role for what later becomes established radicalization behavior.
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Tarvainen, Tina: NATO and the CBRN terrorism - mission: An Overview.
Abstract
CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) terrorism, constructed as the ‘new’, faceless enemy of the 21st Century Western world, challenges old actors. The article analyses the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in countering the complex threat of CBRN terrorism. Surprisingly little attention has been given to NATO’s role in countering the threat, although this issue dominates the current transatlantic security agenda. Within this context, the central argument of the article is that NATO should complement the resources of other international actors. Tackling these ‘new threats’, however, calls for transatlantic cooperation and political will, which, to date, have been submitted to concerns of national security.
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Vačkář, Michal: Geneze islámského radikalismu v Bosně a Hercegovině a jeho současná podoba.
Abstract
The paper deals with the development of Islamic fundamentalism, radicalism and Islamistic terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina with particular emphasis on the development of the issue since the end of civil war in 1995. It focuses on alleged Wahhabis´s activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their influence on the alternation of Bosnian moderate form of Islam. The possibility of connection between Bosnian Wahhabis and al Qaeda network will also be explored. The paper analyses the activities of different NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their alleged potential for supporting terrorism. The paper shall analyse actual Islamic movements in Bosnia and Herzegovina pursuant to religious, social-economic and ethno-cultural situation and to determine what sort of threat Islamic radicalism poses for Bosnia and Herzegovina, if any.
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Turnhöferová, Iva: Hindský radikalismus v Indii a jeho vliv na současnou indickou politiku.
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the influence of Hindu radicalism over actual Indian policy. Since the issue is not well known, one part of the paper shall for better understanding deal with the conceptualization of Hindu radicalism as well as with its features and characteristic. The paper works out of two main perspectives. First one shall explore the rhetoric, objectives and features of Hindutva – an Hindu radical ideology – and its role within organizations like RSS, VHP and BJP. The second perspective is to explore BJP´s position in two different events. First event is Gujarat – state with large influence of Hindu radicalism. This event shall be explored from the „state-level“ point of view. The „nation-level“ point of view is applied to the overall influence on Hindu radicalism over Indian national policy making process..
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Kalous, Miroslav: Skupina Abú Sajjáfa: Iredentistický džihád v nejzazším kraji islámského světa.
Abstract
In the presented study the typology of jihadism, created inside International Crisis Group organization, is used to closely examine The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an islamist terrorist group from Philippines. The typology differentiate three branches of jihadism on the basis of ideology, methods of fight and characteristics of actors. The aim of the study is to explain which branch of jihadism the group represents and why is it so. The conclusion says that treating ASG as a part of global jihadist movement is misunderstanding and that in most of its history the group has showed strong signs of irredentist jihadist nature.
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Kalburov, Ivan: Denmark and ESDP: An Europeanization Perspective.
Abstract
This paper looks at the process of europeanization in security and defence. The field has been generally omitted from the existing literature, yet its light-speed development quickly changes the international environment. The case of Denmark illustrates that the ESDP has significant impact over the member states of the EU. Even though the Nordic country is not a full participant in CFSP, europeanization processes in the security and defence are clearly discernible. The paper argues that this has happened by means of ideational exchange between the national and supranational level. Prevailing ideas about the EU’s role in security, defence cooperation, anti-terrorism and comprehensive security have been constructed against the strong background of overlapping understandings about the post Cold War security environment. The conceptual agreement between Denmark and the EU about the nature of the new threats and the means to face them has led to europeanization in security perceptions and policy actions after the end of the Cold War.
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