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Obsah
nového čísla
Editorial
Vážení čtenáři,
Během doby, která uplynula od vydání prvního čísla
JSI se hodně věcí změnilo a některé zůstaly stejné. Vášnivá rétorika
„války proti terorismu“ postupně vychládá. Dřívější teroristé, jako
UČK, dnes s podporou protiteroristické koalice stojí v čele vlastních
států. Debata o „Ose zla“ už nepokračuje. Z „Osy zla“ toho vůbec
moc nezbylo, Irák je v troskách, se Severní Koreou se navazuje spolupráce.
Z dřívějších jistot zůstal snad už jen ten Zlý Írán. Vyvstává nové,
atraktivní téma diskuse, a to jaký charakter by tedy vlastně měla
mít „ještě reálnější“ Realpolitik. Vlády některých malých států
jsou zřejmě vyděšeny budoucností, do které kvapíme, a hledají ochranu
a mocné spojence. Súdán se shlédl v Čínské lidové republice, Venezuela
se obrací k Ruské federaci a Česká republika vzhlíží ke Spojeným
státům americkým. Léto pomalu končí, proběhla další olympiáda, Ruská
federace se definitivně zařadila mezi vyspělé demokratické státy
západního typu a - stejně jako USA a některé státy EU - realizuje
vlastní humanitární operace. Zas o pár měsíců blíž je datum oficiálního
spuštění urychlovače LHC v CERNu, které podle škarohlídů odstartuje
Soudný den. S největší pravděpodobností to však nebude tak horké.
Mohu-li parafrázovat dvanáct let starý text Andrewa McMurryho: Apokalypsa
už probíhá. Jen je tak pomalá a my od ní máme tak málo odstupu,
že se to ani nepozná. Ona ani Apokalypsa nemusí být nejhorším místem
na dovolenou, překonáme-li staré předsudky. To je to podstatné.
Být flexibilní a dynamický. I doba je taková. Vítáme Vás tedy u
dalšího čísla JSI. Autoři aktuálních příspěvků byli povětšinou inspirováni
náboženským radikalismem, ale stranou nezůstala ani evropská bezpečnostní
politika či problematika týkající se NATO.
šéfredaktor, Martin
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Pressman,
D. Elaine: Exploring the Sources of Radicalization and Violent
Radicalization: Some Transatlantic Perspectives.
Abstract
This paper explores the sources of radicalization
from a three tier model. The model includes macro-level sources,
micro level sources and incipient sources of radicalization. The
concept of “incipient radicalization’ is introduced in the paper.
Four stages of incipient radicalization are defined. These stages
are related to four developmental periods including early childhood,
early school age, later school-age, and adolescence. Examples are
provided for each stage of incipient radicalization. The paper also
explores transatlantic similarities and differences in the definition
of radicalization, and suggests subtle differences in interpretation.
The importance of radicalization and its relationship to violence
on both sides of the Atlantic is considered. It is suggested that
incipient radicalization be explored in the future in terms of strategies
designed to counter-radicalization. Incipient radicalization, in
its four stages, is identified as the predisposing role for what
later becomes established radicalization behavior.
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pdf |
Tarvainen,
Tina: NATO and the CBRN terrorism - mission: An Overview.
Abstract
CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) terrorism,
constructed as the ‘new’, faceless enemy of the 21st Century Western
world, challenges old actors. The article analyses the role of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in countering the complex
threat of CBRN terrorism. Surprisingly little attention has been
given to NATO’s role in countering the threat, although this issue
dominates the current transatlantic security agenda. Within this
context, the central argument of the article is that NATO should
complement the resources of other international actors. Tackling
these ‘new threats’, however, calls for transatlantic cooperation
and political will, which, to date, have been submitted to concerns
of national security.
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pdf |
Vačkář,
Michal: Geneze islámského radikalismu v Bosně a Hercegovině
a jeho současná podoba.
Abstract
The paper deals with the development of Islamic fundamentalism,
radicalism and Islamistic terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina with
particular emphasis on the development of the issue since the end
of civil war in 1995. It focuses on alleged Wahhabis´s activities
in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their influence on the alternation
of Bosnian moderate form of Islam. The possibility of connection
between Bosnian Wahhabis and al Qaeda network will also be explored.
The paper analyses the activities of different NGOs in Bosnia and
Herzegovina and their alleged potential for supporting terrorism.
The paper shall analyse actual Islamic movements in Bosnia and Herzegovina
pursuant to religious, social-economic and ethno-cultural situation
and to determine what sort of threat Islamic radicalism poses for
Bosnia and Herzegovina, if any.
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pdf |
Turnhöferová,
Iva: Hindský radikalismus v Indii a jeho vliv na současnou indickou
politiku.
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the influence of Hindu radicalism
over actual Indian policy. Since the issue is not well known, one
part of the paper shall for better understanding deal with the conceptualization
of Hindu radicalism as well as with its features and characteristic.
The paper works out of two main perspectives. First one shall explore
the rhetoric, objectives and features of Hindutva – an Hindu radical
ideology – and its role within organizations like RSS, VHP and BJP.
The second perspective is to explore BJP´s position in two different
events. First event is Gujarat – state with large influence of Hindu
radicalism. This event shall be explored from the „state-level“
point of view. The „nation-level“ point of view is applied to the
overall influence on Hindu radicalism over Indian national policy
making process. .
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pdf |
Kalous,
Miroslav: Skupina Abú Sajjáfa: Iredentistický džihád v nejzazším
kraji islámského světa.
Abstract
In the presented study the typology of jihadism, created inside
International Crisis Group organization, is used to closely examine
The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an islamist terrorist group from Philippines.
The typology differentiate three branches of jihadism on the basis
of ideology, methods of fight and characteristics of actors. The
aim of the study is to explain which branch of jihadism the group
represents and why is it so. The conclusion says that treating ASG
as a part of global jihadist movement is misunderstanding and that
in most of its history the group has showed strong signs of irredentist
jihadist nature.
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pdf |
Kalburov,
Ivan: Denmark and ESDP: An Europeanization Perspective.
Abstract
This paper looks at the process of europeanization in security and
defence. The field has been generally omitted from the existing literature,
yet its light-speed development quickly changes the international
environment. The case of Denmark illustrates that the ESDP has significant
impact over the member states of the EU. Even though the Nordic country
is not a full participant in CFSP, europeanization processes in the
security and defence are clearly discernible. The paper argues that
this has happened by means of ideational exchange between the national
and supranational level. Prevailing ideas about the EU’s role in security,
defence cooperation, anti-terrorism and comprehensive security have
been constructed against the strong background of overlapping understandings
about the post Cold War security environment. The conceptual agreement
between Denmark and the EU about the nature of the new threats and
the means to face them has led to europeanization in security perceptions
and policy actions after the end of the Cold War.
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